# # Copyright (c) 1998 The Regenstrief Institute. All rights reserved. # # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or # (at your option) any later version. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. # # Author: Gunther Schadow. # # $Id: HL7-ANSI+.units,v 1.2 1998/08/07 15:49:42 schadow Exp $ # ####################################################################### # # ``ANSI+'' UNITS ACCORDING TO HL7 v2.3 # # DEFECT! I DON'T KNOW WHAT ANSI+ IS. # # ASCII CHARACTER SET, NO OMEGA, DEGREE OR MU # # FIXED TYPE I CONFLICTS: # CAL: CAL (= 1KCAL) --> [CAL] # SEC (TIME VS. PLANE ANGLE): SEC (ANGLE) --> SCD # RAD (PLANE ANGLE VS. ENERGY DOSE): RAD (DOSE) --> [RAD] # CASE INSENSITIVE # # BASE UNITS CODE/ABBREVIATIONS # DIMENSIONS 7 # BASE A # ELECTRIC CURRENT AMPèRE BASE CD # LUMINOUS INTENSITY LUMEN BASE K # THERMODYNAMIC TEMPERATURE KELVIN BASE G # MASS GRAM(1) BASE M # LENGTH METRE BASE MOL # AMOUNT OF SUBSTANCE MOLE BASE S # TIME SECOND # # DERIVED UNITS WITH SPECIFIED NAME AND ABBREVIATION # HZ = 1 S-1 METRIC # FREQUENCY HERZ N = 1 KG.M/S2 METRIC # FORCE NEWTON PAL = 1 N/M2 METRIC # PRESSURE, STRESS PASCAL J = 1 N.M METRIC # ENERGY, WORK, JOULE # QUANTITY OF HEAT W = 1 J/S METRIC # POWER WATT C = 1 A.S METRIC # ELECTRIC CHARGE COULOMB # QUANTITY OF ELECTRICITY V = 1 J/C METRIC # ELECTRIC CHARGE VOLT # POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE # TENSION, ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE OHM = 1 V/A METRIC # ELECTRIC RESISTANCE OHM F = 1 C/V METRIC # ELECTRIC CAPACITANCE FARAD WB = 1 V.S METRIC # FLUX OF MAGNETIC INDUCTION WEBER D = 86400 S NONMETRIC # TIME DAY HR = 3600 S NONMETRIC # TIME HOUR MIN = 60 S NONMETRIC # TIME MINUTE # MAGNETIC FLUX ANN = 365.2422 D NONMETRIC # TIME YEAR(2) CEL = CEL(1 K) NONMETRIC # CELSIUS TEMPERATURE DEGREE CELSIUS # # OTHER UNITS # U = 1.66053E-27 KG METRIC # MASS OF AN ATOM ATOMIC MASS B = LN(1 1) NONMETRIC # LEVEL BEL DB = 10LG(1 1) NONMETRIC # DECIMAL LEVEL DB RAD = 1 1 METRIC # PLAIN ANGLE RADIAN DEG = 1.745329251994329576e-2 RAD NONMETRIC # PLANE ANGLE DEGREE SR = 1 RAD2 METRIC # SOLID ANGLE STREADIAN # HL7 DEFINES THE GRAM HERE, WHICH WE DID ABOVE GY = 1 J/KG METRIC # ABSORBED DOSE, SPECIFIC GRAY # ENERGY IMPARTED, KERMA, # ABSORBED DOSE INDEX H = 1 WB/A METRIC # INDUCTANCE HENRY L = 1 DM3 METRIC # VOLUME LITER LM = 1 CD.SR METRIC # LUMINOUS FLUX LUMEN LUX = 1 LM/M2 METRIC # ILLUMINANCE LUX MNT = 1 DEG/60 NONMETRIC # PLANE ANGLE MINUTE SIE = 1 OHM-1 METRIC # ELECTRIC CONDUCTANCE SIEMENS T = 1 WB/M2 METRIC # MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY TESLA # MAGNETIC INDUCTION # # SEE ISA 2955-1983 FOR FULL SET(3) # BQ = 1 S-1 METRIC # ACTIVITY (OF A RADIONUCLIDE) BECQUEREL SV = 1 J/KG METRIC # DOSE EQUIVALENT SIEVERT SCD = 1 MNT/60 NONMETRIC # PLANE ANGLE SECOND GON = 0.9 DEG NONMETRIC # PLANE ANGLE GRADE ARE = 100 M2 NONMETRIC # AREA ARE HAR = 100 ARE NONMETRIC # AREA HECTARE TNE = 1E3 KG METRIC # MASS TONNE BAR = 10E5 PA METRIC # PRESSURE OF FLUID BAR P = 0.1 N.S/M2 METRIC # DYNAMIC VISCOSITY POISE ST = 1 CM2/S METRIC # KINEMATIC VISCOSITY STOKES EV = 1.60219E-19 J METRIC # ENERGY ELECTRONVOLT ASU = 149597.870 MM NONMETRIC # LENGTH ASTRONOMIC UNIT PRS = 206265 AU NONMETRIC # LENGTH PARSEC # # 1) HL7 (WITH SI) WANTS KG INSTEAD OF G AS BASE UNIT FOR MASS, YET, WE # REQUIRE BASES TO BE ATOMS # # 2) ASSUMING A MEAN SOLAR YEAR NOT A MEAN CALENDAR YEAR, WHICH WOULD # BE 365.25 DAYS. # # 3) MEANING ``ISO 2955'', WE INCLUDE ALL OTHER UNITS FROM ISO 2599 # THAT WERE NOT ALREADY DEFINED # # # FIGURE 7-11. ANSI+ UNIT CODES FOR SOME U.S. CUSTOMARY UNITS # # LENGTH # IN = 2.54 CM NONMETRIC # LENGTH INCH FT = 12 IN NONMETRIC # LENGTH FOOT YD = 3 FT NONMETRIC # LENGTH YARD RD = 5.5 YD NONMETRIC # LENGTH ROD MI = 5280 FT NONMETRIC # LENGTH MILE (STATUTE) NMI = 1852 M NONMETRIC # LENGTH NAUTIC MILE # # AREA # SIN = 1 IN2 NONMETRIC # AREA SQUARE INCH SFT = 1 FT2 NONMETRIC # AREA SQUARE FOOT SYD = 1 YD2 NONMETRIC # AREA SQUARE YARD # # VOLUME # CIN = 1 IN3 NONMETRIC # VOLUME CUBIC INCH CFT = 1 FT3 NONMETRIC # VOLUME CUBIC FOOT CYD = 1 YD3 NONMETRIC # VOLUME CUBIC YARD GAL = 231 IN3 NONMETRIC # VOLUME GALLON QT = 1 GAL/4 NONMETRIC # VOLUME QUART(5) PT = 1 QT/2 NONMETRIC # VOLUME PINT(5) FOZ = 1 PT/16 NONMETRIC # VOLUME FLUID OUNCE TBS = 1 FOZ/2 NONMETRIC # VOLUME TABLESPOON TSP = 1 TBS/3 NONMETRIC # VOLUME TEASPOON # # UNITS OF MASS AND WEIGHT(6) # GR = 0.06479891 G NONMETRIC # MASS GRAIN LB = 7000 GR NONMETRIC # MASS POUND OZ = 1 LB/16 NONMETRIC # MASS OUNCE DR = 1 OZ/16 NONMETRIC # MASS DRAM # # UNITS OF TIME # SEC = 1 S NONMETRIC # MASS SECOND #MIN = 60 S DEFINED ABOVE #HR = 60 MIN DEFINED ABOVE #D = 24 HR DEFINED ABOVE WK = 7 D NONMETRIC # MASS WEEK YR = 365.2422 D NONMETRIC # MASS YEAR(9) MO = 1 YR/12 NONMETRIC # MASS MONTH(10) # # OTHER ANSI UNITS, DERIVED UNITS AND MISCELLANEOUS # BTU = 1054.8 J NONMETRIC # ENERGY BRITISH TERMAL UNIT(11) DEGF = DEGF(5 K/9) NONMETRIC # TEMPERATURE DEGREES FAHRENHEIT [RAD] = 100 CM2/S2 METRIC # ENERGY DOSE RADIATION ABSORBED DOSE # # [...] REFER TO ANSI X3.50-1986 TABLE 1 FOR OTHER METRIC AND STANDARD # U.S. UNITS. # SRD = 1 RD2 NONMETRIC # AREA SQUARE ROD SMI = 1 MI2 NONMETRIC # AREA SQUARE MILE ACR = 4840 YD2 NONMETRIC # AREA ACRE(2) ACRA = 4047 M2 NONMETRIC # AREA ACRE(2) SCT = 1 MI2 NONMETRIC # AREA SECTION(3) TWP = 36 SCT NONMETRIC # AREA TOWNSHIP(3) CMI = 7.85398163397448309615E-7 IN2 # AREA CIRCULAR MIL(4) CUP = 16 TBS NONMETRIC # VOLUME CUP GIL = 1 PT/4 NONMETRIC # VOLUME GILL PK = 8.80958 DM3 NONMETRIC # VOLUME PECK CWT = 100 LB NONMETRIC # MASS SHORT(7) HUNDREDWEIGHT TOZ = 480 GR NONMETRIC # MASS TROY OUNCE TON = 2000 LB NONMETRIC # MASS SHORT(8) TON # # 1) THE BRITISH NAUTIC MILE WAS, AS DISCUSSED ABOVE, THE ORIGINAL AND # HAS BEEN KEPT HERE FOR COMPLETENESS # # 2) WWWEBSTER NAMES OTHER FACTORS: 1 ACR = 4047 M2 OR 43,560 FT2 # # 3) WWWEBSTER: ``SECTION'': 6: A PIECE OF LAND ONE SQUARE MILE IN # AREA FORMING ONE OF THE 36 SUBDIVISIONS OF A TOWNSHIP # # 4) A MIL IS 1/1000 IN. A CIRCULAR MIL IS THE AREA OF A CIRCLE WHOSE # DIAMETER IS ONE MIL. # # 5) I ASSUME THAT PT AND QT REFERE TO US LIQUID (NOT DRY) MEASURES, # WHICH ARE QUITE DIFFERENT. # # 6) WEBSTER SAYS THAT U.S. USES THE AVOIRDUPOIS SYSTEM FOR MEASURING # WEIGHTS. HOWEVER, THIS IS CONSIDERABLY DIFFERENT FROM THE # APOTHECARIES' MEASURES, WHICH IS USED IN PHARMACY. THEREFORE, IN # MEDICINE, THE AVOIRDUPOIS SYSTEM IS QUITE USELESS. AVOIRDUPOIS, # APOTHECARIES' AND TROY ONLY HAVE THE GRAIN IN COMMON # # 7) I GUESS THAT WHAT IS MEANT IS THE `SHORT HUNDREDWEIGHT', WEBSTER # SAYS THAT THE LONG HUNDREDWEIGHT (=112 LB) IS BRITISH # # 8) I GUESS THAT A SHORT TON IS MEANT HERE. WWWEBSTER'S METRIC # CONVERSION TABLE ONLY LISTS THE SHORT TON. # # 9) ASSUMING A MEAN SOLAR YEAR NOT A MEAN CALENDAR YEAR, WHICH WOULD # BE 365.25 DAYS. # #10) ASSUMING A MEAN CALENDAR MONTH, NOT A LUNAR MONTH WHICH WOULD BE # 29 DAYS, 12 HOURS AND 44 MINUTES. # #11) ASSUMING MEAN BTU. # # TABLE 7-7: COMMON ISO DERIVED UNITS AND *ISO EXTENSIONS # # THE ORIGINAL TABLE 7-7 OF HL7 V2.3 IS AN EXAMPLE OF THE TERM # ALGEBRA AS WELL AS DEFINING NEW UNIT ATOMS. WE ONLY LIST UNIT ATOMS # HERE. # ARB_U = 1 1 NONMETRIC # ARBITRARY UNIT IU = 1 1 NONMETRIC # INTERNATIONAL UNIT 10* = 10 1 NONMETRIC # TEN (FOR ARBITRARY POWERS) RBC = 1 1 NONMETRIC # RED BLOOD CELL COUNT BDSK_U = 1 MOL NONMETRIC # BODANSKY UNIT(1) #(BSA) # BODY SURFACE AREA(2) CAL = 4.187 J METRIC # CALORIE(3) M_H2O = 9.806650 PAL METRIC # METER OF WATER COLUMN DBA = 20LG(2 10*-5.PAL) NONMETRIC # DECIBEL A SCALE(8) EQ = 1 MOL METRIC # EQUIVALENT HB = 1 1 NONMETRIC # HEARTBEAT #g(creat) (4) #g(hgb) (4) #g(tot_nit) (4,5) #g(tot_prot) (4,5) #g(wet_tis) (5) #g(body_wt) (5) #IN = 2.54 CM DEFINED ABOVE IN_HG = 3.38637880 PAL NONMETRIC # INCH OF MERCURY COLUMN KAT = 1 MOL/S METRIC # KATAL [CAL] = 6.693 J METRIC # CALORIE(3,6) PA = 1 PAL METRIC # PASCAL(7) #KA_U = NONMETRIC # KING ARMSTRONG UNIT #KNK_U = NONMETRIC # KUNKEL UNIT #MCLG_U = NONMETRIC # MAC LAGAN UNIT #OD # OPTICAL DENSITY PPB = 1e-9 1 NONMETRIC # PARTS PER BILLION PPM = 1e-6 1 NONMETRIC # PARTS PER MILLION PPTH = 1e-3 1 NONMETRIC # PARTS PER THOUSAND PPT = 1e-12 1 NONMETRIC # PARTS PER TRILLION HPF = 1 1 # HIGH POWER FIELD (VIEW AREA IN MICROSCOPE) PH = PH(1 MOL/L) NONMETRIC # PH VALUE #P.U. = NONMETRIC # ??? % = 1e-2 1 NONMETRIC # PER CENT #TD_U = NONMETRIC # TODD UNIT # # 1) THE BODANSKY UNIT IS A UNIT OF AMOUNT OF ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE # WHEN TESTED USING GLYCEROL PHOSPHATE. IT IS OF DIMENSION AMOUNT OF # SUBSTANCE BUT I DON'T KNOW THE FACTOR. # # 2) THIS IS NOT A UNIT # # 3) BEWARE: THERE ARE TWO UNITS NAMED ``CALORIE'' # # 4) COULD BE INTERPRETED AS AN AMOUNT OF SUBSTANCE # # 5) A MEANINGLESS SUFFIX # # 6) THE FACTOR IS WRONG, BUT THAT'S THE STANDARD # # 7) THIS IS FOR SURE A TYPO (WAS `KPA'), SINCE PAL WAS DEFINED ABOVE # # 8) THE CONVERSION GOES TO THE SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL SCALE ``DB(SPL)'' # NO CONVERSION TO THE A SCALE IS IMPLEMENTED YET! # # SUMMARY OF CONFLICTS: # # [CONFLICT: CAL VS. CAL TYPE I (DOUBLE UNIT ATOM) FATAL (FIXED)] # [CONFLICT: SEC VS. SEC TYPE I (DOUBLE UNIT ATOM) FATAL (FIXED)] # [CONFLICT: RAD VS. RAD TYPE I (DOUBLE UNIT ATOM) FATAL (FIXED)] # CONFLICT: PPT VS. P-PT TYPE III (NONMETRIC-NONMETRIC) # CONFLICT: PT VS. P-T TYPE IVB (NONMETRIC-METRIC) # CONFLICT: MIN VS. M-IN TYPE III (NONMETRIC-NONMETRIC) # CONFLICT: PK VS. P-K TYPE IVB (NONMETRIC-METRIC) # CONFLICT: PH VS. P-H TYPE IVB (NONMETRIC-METRIC) # CONFLICT: FOZ VS. F-OZ TYPE III (NONMETRIC-NONMETRIC) # CONFLICT: PA VS. P-A TYPE II (METRIC-METRIC) # CONFLICT: TOZ VS. T-OZ TYPE III (NONMETRIC-NONMETRIC) # CONFLICT: DB VS. D-B TYPE III (NONMETRIC-NONMETRIC) # CONFLICT: CIN VS. C-IN TYPE III (NONMETRIC-NONMETRIC) # CONFLICT: CYD VS. C-YD TYPE III (NONMETRIC-NONMETRIC) # CONFLICT: YD VS. Y-D TYPE III (NONMETRIC-NONMETRIC) # CONFLICT: CD VS. C-D TYPE IVA (METRIC-NONMETRIC) # CONFLICT: HB VS. H-B TYPE III (NONMETRIC-NONMETRIC) # CONFLICT: P-EV VS. PE-V TYPE II (METRIC-METRIC) # CONFLICT: NMI VS. N-MI TYPE III (NONMETRIC-NONMETRIC) # CONFLICT: FT VS. F-T TYPE IVB (NONMETRIC-METRIC) # CONFLICT: CMI VS. C-MI TYPE IVA (METRIC-NONMETRIC) # CONFLICT: CFT VS. C-FT TYPE III (NONMETRIC-NONMETRIC)