# # Copyright (c) 1998 The Regenstrief Institute. All rights reserved. # # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or # (at your option) any later version. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. # # Author: Gunther Schadow. # # $Id: ANSI-X3.50-cs-fixed.units,v 1.1 1998/07/23 20:39:54 schadow Exp $ # ####################################################################### # # ANSI X3.50 CUSTOMARY, SI, AND OTHER UNITS (CASE SENSITIVE) # # NOTE: This is the origial specification EXCEPT from a fixed # fatal bug where `a' stands for both are and year. We now # use only `yr' for year, since `yr' and `a' have both been # defined originally. # # ASCII character set, no Omega, degree or mu # case sensitive # # Table 3: Representations of Prefixes # prefix E 1E18 # exa prefix P 1E15 # peta prefix T 1E12 # tera prefix G 1E9 # giga prefix M 1E6 # mega prefix k 1E3 # kilo prefix h 1E2 # hecto prefix da 1E1 # deka prefix d 1E-1 # deci prefix c 1E-2 # centi prefix m 1E-3 # milli prefix u 1E-6 # micro prefix n 1E-9 # nano prefix p 1E-12 # pico prefix f 1E-15 # fempto prefix a 1E-18 # atto # # We use the SI base here, even though we could use inch and grain # instead of meter and gram. # # from Table 2: Representation of SI Units # dimensions 7 # base m # length metre base g # mass gram(*) base s # time second base A # electric current ampère base K # thermodynamic temperature kelvin base mol # amount of substance mole base cd # luminous intensity lumen # # *) SI wants kg instead of g as base unit for mass, yet, we # require bases to be atoms # # # Table 1: Representation of US customary units # # Conversions are as exact as possible by using only few references to # the metric system. Factors are taken from WWWebster. We root in the # inch as it is equal to the old German ``Zoll'' that is known to be # 2.54 cm. I found no more ``exact'' conversion factor of inch to cm. # However, in case of the nautic mile we have to use the second # external reference as it was officially adopted to be 1852 m and not, # as it origianlly was, 6080 ft (= 1853.2 m). Thus, we can't hook the # customary system at the nautic mile. # # http://www.m-w.com/mw/table/weight.htm # # Units of length # in = 2.54 cm nonmetric # length inch ft = 12 in nonmetric # length foot yd = 3 ft nonmetric # length yard rd = 5.5 yd nonmetric # length rod mi = 5280 ft nonmetric # length mile (statute) bnmi = 6080 ft nonmetric # length british nautic mile(1) nmi = 1852 m nonmetric # length nautic mile # # Units of Area # sin = 1 in2 nonmetric # area square inch sft = 1 ft2 nonmetric # area square foot syd = 1 yd2 nonmetric # area square yard srd = 1 rd2 nonmetric # area square rod smi = 1 mi2 nonmetric # area square mile # acr = 4840 yd2 nonmetric # area acre(2) acra = 4047 m2 nonmetric # area acre(2) sct = 1 mi2 nonmetric # area section(3) twp = 36 sct nonmetric # area township(3) cmi = 7.85398163397448309615e-7 in2 # area circular mil(4) # # Units of Volume (including capacity) # cin = 1 in3 nonmetric # volume cubic inch cft = 1 ft3 nonmetric # volume cubic foot cyd = 1 yd3 nonmetric # volume cubic yard # U.S. liquid measures, note that British units are scaled differently gal = 231 in3 nonmetric # volume gallon qt = 1 gal/4 nonmetric # volume quart(5) pt = 1 qt/2 nonmetric # volume pint(5) gil = 1 pt/4 nonmetric # volume gill foz = 1 gil/4 nonmetric # volume fluid ounce # Apothecary tbs = 1 foz/2 nonmetric # volume tablespoon tsp = 1 tbs/3 nonmetric # volume teaspoon cup = 16 tbs nonmetric # volume cup # U.S. dry measures pk = 8.80958 dm3 nonmetric # volume peck # # Units of mass and weight(6) # gr = 0.06479891 g nonmetric # mass grain lb = 7000 gr nonmetric # mass pound oz = 1 lb/16 nonmetric # mass ounce dr = 1 oz/16 nonmetric # mass dram cwt = 100 lb nonmetric # mass short(7) hundredweight toz = 480 gr nonmetric # mass troy ounce ton = 2000 lb nonmetric # mass short(8) ton # # Units of time # sec = 1 s nonmetric # mass second(11) min = 60 sec nonmetric # mass minute hr = 60 min nonmetric # mass hour d = 24 hr nonmetric # mass day wk = 7 d nonmetric # mass week yr = 365.2422 d nonmetric # mass year(9) mo = 1 yr/12 nonmetric # mass month(10) # # 1) The British nautic mile was, as discussed above, the original and # has been kept here for completeness # # 2) WWWebster names other factors: 1 acr = 4047 m2 or 43,560 ft2 # # 3) WWWebster: ``section'': 6: a piece of land one square mile in # area forming one of the 36 subdivisions of a township # # 4) A mil is 1/1000 in. A circular mil is the area of a circle whose # diameter is one mil. # # 5) I assume that pt and qt refere to US liquid (not dry) measures, # which are quite different. # # 6) Webster says that U.S. uses the avoirdupois system for measuring # weights. However, this is considerably different from the # Apothecaries' measures, which is used in pharmacy. Therefore, in # medicine, the avoirdupois system is quite useless. Avoirdupois, # Apothecaries' and Troy only have the grain in common # # 7) I guess that what is meant is the `short hundredweight', Webster # says that the long hundredweight (=112 lb) is British # # 8) I guess that a short ton is meant here. WWWebster's metric # conversion table only lists the short ton. # # 9) Assuming a mean solar year not a mean calendar year, which would # be 365.25 days. # #10) Assuming a mean calendar month, not a lunar month which would be # 29 days, 12 hours and 44 minutes. # #11) The second (time) is defined with two symbols `s' and `sec'. # # Table 2: Representation of SI Units # # # Supplementary SI units # rad = 1 1 metric # plain angle radian sr = 1 1 metric # solid angle streadian # # Derived SI units with special names # Hz = 1 s-1 metric # frequency herz N = 1 kg.m/s2 metric # force newton Pa = 1 N/m2 metric # pressure, stress pascal J = 1 N.m metric # energy, work, joule # quantity of heat W = 1 J/s metric # power watt C = 1 A.s metric # electric charge coulomb # quantity of electricity V = 1 J/C metric # electric charge volt # potential difference # tension, electromotive force F = 1 C/V metric # electric capacitance farad Ohm = 1 V/A metric # electric resistance ohm S = 1 Ohm-1 metric # electric conductance siemens Wb = 1 V.s metric # flux of magnetic induction weber # magnetic flux Cel = cel(1 K) nonmetric # Celsius temperature degree Celsius T = 1 Wb/m2 metric # magnetic flux density tesla # magnetic induction H = 1 Wb/A metric # inductance henry lm = 1 cd.sr metric # luminous flux lumen lx = 1 lm/m2 metric # illuminance lux Bq = 1 s-1 metric # activity (of a radionuclide) becquerel Gy = 1 J/kg metric # absorbed dose, specific gray # energy imparted, kerma, # absorbed dose index Sv = 1 J/kg metric # dose equivalent sievert # # Other units from ISO 1000 # deg = .01745329251994329576 rad nonmetric # plane angle degree ' = 1 deg/60 nonmetric # plane angle minute '' = 1 '/60 nonmetric # plane angle second gon = .9 deg nonmetric # plane angle grade(1) l = 1 dm3 metric # volume litre(liter) #(2)L = 1 l metric a = 100 m2 nonmetric # area are h = 60 min nonmetric # time hour(3) #(4)a = 365.25 d nonmetric # time year(2) # ANSI X3.50 defines the gram here, which we did above t = 1e3 kg metric # mass tonne bar = 10e5 Pa metric # pressure of fluid bar P = 0.1 N.s/m2 metric # dynamic viscosity poise(1) St = 1 cm2/s metric # kinematic viscosity stokes(1) eV = 1.60219e-19 J metric # energy electronvolt u = 1.66053e-27 kg metric # mass of an atom atomic mass # # 1) unit not listed in ISO 1000 # # 2) interestingly the american standard does not define L even though # I have never seen a capital L for liter other than in american # literature. # # 3) the minute `min' and day `d' are defined twice, the hour is # defined with two symbols: `hr' and `h'. # # 4) The year was defines with two symbols: `yr' and `a', but `a' was # defined twice for year and are. Dropping the second year fixes # the bug with minimal change. # # SUMMARY OF CONFLICTS: # # conflict: pt vs. p-t Type IVb (nonmetric-metric) # conflict: foz vs. f-oz Type III (nonmetric-nonmetric) # conflict: cft vs. c-ft Type III (nonmetric-nonmetric) # conflict: min vs. m-in Type III (nonmetric-nonmetric) # conflict: cin vs. c-in Type III (nonmetric-nonmetric) # conflict: ft vs. f-t Type IVb (nonmetric-metric) # conflict: cyd vs. c-yd Type III (nonmetric-nonmetric) # conflict: cd vs. c-d Type IVa (metric-nonmetric) # conflict: Pa vs. P-a Type IVa (metric-nonmetric) # conflict: cmi vs. c-mi Type IVa (metric-nonmetric) # conflict: nmi vs. n-mi Type III (nonmetric-nonmetric)