# # Copyright (c) 1998 The Regenstrief Institute. All rights reserved. # # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or # (at your option) any later version. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. # # Author: Gunther Schadow. # # $Id: ANSI-X3.50-ci-fixed.units,v 1.2 1998/07/23 21:05:02 schadow Exp $ # ####################################################################### # # ANSI X3.50 CUSTOMARY, SI, AND OTHER UNITS (CASE INSENSITIVE) # # NOTE: THIS IS THE ORIGIAL SPECIFICATION EXCEPT FOR THE TWO FATAL # ERRORS FIXED: # `SEC' STOOD FOR BOTH, THE SECOND OF TIME AND PLANE ANGLE, AND # `MIN' STOOD FOR BOTH, THE MINUTE OF TIME AND PLANE ANGLE. # THE ANGULAR MINUTE AND SECOND ARE `MNT' (AS ORIGINALLY IN # ISO2955) AND `SCD' RESPECTIVELY. DROPPING THE `SEC', WHICH IS # IN THEORY A SUPERFLOUS DEFINITION IN ADDITION TO THE SI `S' # SEEMED LESS REASONABLE, SINCE ANSI MUST HAVE SEEN AN IMPORTANT # VALUE IN DEFINING THE AMERICAN UNIT ALIASES FOR TIME. # # ASCII CHARACTER SET, NO OMEGA, DEGREE OR MU # CASE INSENSITIVE # # TABLE 3: REPRESENTATIONS OF PREFIXES # PREFIX EX 1E18 # EXA PREFIX PE 1E15 # PETA PREFIX T 1E12 # TERA PREFIX G 1E9 # GIGA PREFIX MA 1E6 # MEGA PREFIX K 1E3 # KILO PREFIX H 1E2 # HECTO PREFIX DA 1E1 # DEKA PREFIX D 1E-1 # DECI PREFIX C 1E-2 # CENTI PREFIX M 1E-3 # MILLI PREFIX U 1E-6 # MICRO PREFIX N 1E-9 # NANO PREFIX P 1E-12 # PICO PREFIX F 1E-15 # FEMPTO PREFIX A 1E-18 # ATTO # # WE USE THE SI BASE HERE, EVEN THOUGH WE COULD USE INCH AND GRAIN # INSTEAD OF METER AND GRAM. # # FROM TABLE 2: REPRESENTATION OF SI UNITS # DIMENSIONS 7 # BASE M # LENGTH METRE BASE G # MASS GRAM(*) BASE S # TIME SECOND BASE A # ELECTRIC CURRENT AMPèRE BASE K # THERMODYNAMIC TEMPERATURE KELVIN BASE MOL # AMOUNT OF SUBSTANCE MOLE BASE CD # LUMINOUS INTENSITY LUMEN # # *) SI WANTS KG INSTEAD OF G AS BASE UNIT FOR MASS, YET, WE # REQUIRE BASES TO BE ATOMS # # # TABLE 1: REPRESENTATION OF US CUSTOMARY UNITS # # CONVERSIONS ARE AS EXACT AS POSSIBLE BY USING ONLY FEW REFERENCES TO # THE METRIC SYSTEM. FACTORS ARE TAKEN FROM WWWEBSTER. WE ROOT IN THE # INCH AS IT IS EQUAL TO THE OLD GERMAN ``ZOLL'' THAT IS KNOWN TO BE # 2.54 CM. I FOUND NO MORE ``EXACT'' CONVERSION FACTOR OF INCH TO CM. # HOWEVER, IN CASE OF THE NAUTIC MILE WE HAVE TO USE THE SECOND # EXTERNAL REFERENCE AS IT WAS OFFICIALLY ADOPTED TO BE 1852 M AND NOT, # AS IT ORIGIANLLY WAS, 6080 FT (= 1853.2 M). THUS, WE CAN'T HOOK THE # CUSTOMARY SYSTEM AT THE NAUTIC MILE. # # HTTP://WWW.M-W.COM/MW/TABLE/WEIGHT.HTM # # UNITS OF LENGTH # IN = 2.54 CM NONMETRIC # LENGTH INCH FT = 12 IN NONMETRIC # LENGTH FOOT YD = 3 FT NONMETRIC # LENGTH YARD RD = 5.5 YD NONMETRIC # LENGTH ROD MI = 5280 FT NONMETRIC # LENGTH MILE (STATUTE) BNMI = 6080 FT NONMETRIC # LENGTH BRITISH NAUTIC MILE(1) NMI = 1852 M NONMETRIC # LENGTH NAUTIC MILE # # UNITS OF AREA # SIN = 1 IN2 NONMETRIC # AREA SQUARE INCH SFT = 1 FT2 NONMETRIC # AREA SQUARE FOOT SYD = 1 YD2 NONMETRIC # AREA SQUARE YARD SRD = 1 RD2 NONMETRIC # AREA SQUARE ROD SMI = 1 MI2 NONMETRIC # AREA SQUARE MILE # ACR = 4840 YD2 NONMETRIC # AREA ACRE(2) ACRA = 4047 M2 NONMETRIC # AREA ACRE(2) SCT = 1 MI2 NONMETRIC # AREA SECTION(3) TWP = 36 SCT NONMETRIC # AREA TOWNSHIP(3) CMI = 7.85398163397448309615E-7 IN2 # AREA CIRCULAR MIL(4) # # UNITS OF VOLUME (INCLUDING CAPACITY) # CIN = 1 IN3 NONMETRIC # VOLUME CUBIC INCH CFT = 1 FT3 NONMETRIC # VOLUME CUBIC FOOT CYD = 1 YD3 NONMETRIC # VOLUME CUBIC YARD # U.S. LIQUID MEASURES, NOTE THAT BRITISH UNITS ARE SCALED DIFFERENTLY GAL = 231 IN3 NONMETRIC # VOLUME GALLON QT = 1 GAL/4 NONMETRIC # VOLUME QUART(5) PT = 1 QT/2 NONMETRIC # VOLUME PINT(5) GIL = 1 PT/4 NONMETRIC # VOLUME GILL FOZ = 1 GIL/4 NONMETRIC # VOLUME FLUID OUNCE # APOTHECARY TBS = 1 FOZ/2 NONMETRIC # VOLUME TABLESPOON TSP = 1 TBS/3 NONMETRIC # VOLUME TEASPOON CUP = 16 TBS NONMETRIC # VOLUME CUP # U.S. DRY MEASURES PK = 8.80958 DM3 NONMETRIC # VOLUME PECK # # UNITS OF MASS AND WEIGHT(6) # GR = 0.06479891 G NONMETRIC # MASS GRAIN LB = 7000 GR NONMETRIC # MASS POUND OZ = 1 LB/16 NONMETRIC # MASS OUNCE DR = 1 OZ/16 NONMETRIC # MASS DRAM CWT = 100 LB NONMETRIC # MASS SHORT(7) HUNDREDWEIGHT TOZ = 480 GR NONMETRIC # MASS TROY OUNCE TON = 2000 LB NONMETRIC # MASS SHORT(8) TON # # UNITS OF TIME # MIN = 60 S NONMETRIC # MASS MINUTE HR = 60 MIN NONMETRIC # MASS HOUR D = 24 HR NONMETRIC # MASS DAY WK = 7 D NONMETRIC # MASS WEEK YR = 365.2422 D NONMETRIC # MASS YEAR(9) MO = 1 YR/12 NONMETRIC # MASS MONTH(10) # # 1) THE BRITISH NAUTIC MILE WAS, AS DISCUSSED ABOVE, THE ORIGINAL AND # HAS BEEN KEPT HERE FOR COMPLETENESS # # 2) WWWEBSTER NAMES OTHER FACTORS: 1 ACR = 4047 M2 OR 43,560 FT2 # # 3) WWWEBSTER: ``SECTION'': 6: A PIECE OF LAND ONE SQUARE MILE IN # AREA FORMING ONE OF THE 36 SUBDIVISIONS OF A TOWNSHIP # # 4) A MIL IS 1/1000 IN. A CIRCULAR MIL IS THE AREA OF A CIRCLE WHOSE # DIAMETER IS ONE MIL. # # 5) I ASSUME THAT PT AND QT REFERE TO US LIQUID (NOT DRY) MEASURES, # WHICH ARE QUITE DIFFERENT. # # 6) WEBSTER SAYS THAT U.S. USES THE AVOIRDUPOIS SYSTEM FOR MEASURING # WEIGHTS. HOWEVER, THIS IS CONSIDERABLY DIFFERENT FROM THE # APOTHECARIES' MEASURES, WHICH IS USED IN PHARMACY. THEREFORE, IN # MEDICINE, THE AVOIRDUPOIS SYSTEM IS QUITE USELESS. AVOIRDUPOIS, # APOTHECARIES' AND TROY ONLY HAVE THE GRAIN IN COMMON # # 7) I GUESS THAT WHAT IS MEANT IS THE `SHORT HUNDREDWEIGHT', WEBSTER # SAYS THAT THE LONG HUNDREDWEIGHT (=112 LB) IS BRITISH # # 8) I GUESS THAT A SHORT TON IS MEANT HERE. WWWEBSTER'S METRIC # CONVERSION TABLE ONLY LISTS THE SHORT TON. # # 9) ASSUMING A MEAN SOLAR YEAR NOT A MEAN CALENDAR YEAR, WHICH WOULD # BE 365.25 DAYS. # #10) ASSUMING A MEAN CALENDAR MONTH, NOT A LUNAR MONTH WHICH WOULD BE # 29 DAYS, 12 HOURS AND 44 MINUTES. # # TABLE 2: REPRESENTATION OF SI UNITS # # # SUPPLEMENTARY SI UNITS # RAD = 1 1 METRIC # PLAIN ANGLE RADIAN SR = 1 1 METRIC # SOLID ANGLE STREADIAN # # DERIVED SI UNITS WITH SPECIAL NAMES # HZ = 1 S-1 METRIC # FREQUENCY HERZ N = 1 KG.M/S2 METRIC # FORCE NEWTON PA = 1 N/M2 METRIC # PRESSURE, STRESS PASCAL J = 1 N.M METRIC # ENERGY, WORK, JOULE # QUANTITY OF HEAT W = 1 J/S METRIC # POWER WATT C = 1 A.S METRIC # ELECTRIC CHARGE COULOMB # QUANTITY OF ELECTRICITY V = 1 J/C METRIC # ELECTRIC CHARGE VOLT # POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE # TENSION, ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE F = 1 C/V METRIC # ELECTRIC CAPACITANCE FARAD OHM = 1 V/A METRIC # ELECTRIC RESISTANCE OHM SIE = 1 OHM-1 METRIC # ELECTRIC CONDUCTANCE SIEMENS WB = 1 V.S METRIC # FLUX OF MAGNETIC INDUCTION WEBER # MAGNETIC FLUX CEL = CEL(1 K) NONMETRIC # CELSIUS TEMPERATURE DEGREE CELSIUS T = 1 WB/M2 METRIC # MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY TESLA # MAGNETIC INDUCTION H = 1 WB/A METRIC # INDUCTANCE HENRY LM = 1 CD.SR METRIC # LUMINOUS FLUX LUMEN LX = 1 LM/M2 METRIC # ILLUMINANCE LUX BQ = 1 S-1 METRIC # ACTIVITY (OF A RADIONUCLIDE) BECQUEREL GY = 1 J/KG METRIC # ABSORBED DOSE, SPECIFIC GRAY # ENERGY IMPARTED, KERMA, # ABSORBED DOSE INDEX SV = 1 J/KG METRIC # DOSE EQUIVALENT SIEVERT # # OTHER UNITS FROM ISO 1000 # DEG = .01745329251994329576 RAD NONMETRIC # PLANE ANGLE DEGREE MNT = 1 DEG/60 NONMETRIC # PLANE ANGLE MINUTE SCN = 1 MIN/60 NONMETRIC # PLANE ANGLE SECOND GON = .9 DEG NONMETRIC # PLANE ANGLE GRADE(*) L = 1 DM3 METRIC # VOLUME LITRE(LITER) #(+)L = 1 L METRIC ARE = 100 M2 NONMETRIC # AREA ARE ANN = 365.25 D NONMETRIC # TIME YEAR(*) # ANSI X3.50 DEFINES THE GRAM HERE, WHICH WE DID ABOVE TNE = 1E3 KG METRIC # MASS TONNE BAR = 10E5 PA METRIC # PRESSURE OF FLUID BAR P = 0.1 N.S/M2 METRIC # DYNAMIC VISCOSITY POISE(*) ST = 1 CM2/S METRIC # KINEMATIC VISCOSITY STOKES(*) EV = 1.60219E-19 J METRIC # ENERGY ELECTRONVOLT U = 1.66053E-27 KG METRIC # MASS OF AN ATOM ATOMIC MASS # # *) UNIT NOT LISTED IN ISO 1000 # # +) INTERESTINGLY THE AMERICAN STANDARD DOES NOT DEFINE L EVEN THOUGH # I HAVE NEVER SEEN A CAPITAL L FOR LITER OTHER THAN IN AMERICAN # LITERATURE. # #++) THE MINUTE `MIN', DAY `D', AND HOUR `HR' ARE DEFINED TWICE. # THE YEAR IS DEFINED WITH TWO SYMBOLS: `YR' AND `ANN'. # # SUMMARY OF CONFLICTS: # # CONFLICT: PT VS. P-T TYPE IVB (NONMETRIC-METRIC) # CONFLICT: MIN VS. M-IN TYPE III (NONMETRIC-NONMETRIC) # CONFLICT: PK VS. P-K TYPE IVB (NONMETRIC-METRIC) # CONFLICT: FOZ VS. F-OZ TYPE III (NONMETRIC-NONMETRIC) # CONFLICT: PA VS. P-A TYPE II (METRIC-METRIC) # CONFLICT: TOZ VS. T-OZ TYPE III (NONMETRIC-NONMETRIC) # CONFLICT: CIN VS. C-IN TYPE III (NONMETRIC-NONMETRIC) # CONFLICT: CYD VS. C-YD TYPE III (NONMETRIC-NONMETRIC) # CONFLICT: CD VS. C-D TYPE IVA (METRIC-NONMETRIC) # CONFLICT: P-EV VS. PE-V TYPE II (METRIC-METRIC) # CONFLICT: NMI VS. N-MI TYPE III (NONMETRIC-NONMETRIC) # CONFLICT: FT VS. F-T TYPE IVB (NONMETRIC-METRIC) # CONFLICT: CMI VS. C-MI TYPE IVA (METRIC-NONMETRIC) # CONFLICT: CFT VS. C-FT TYPE III (NONMETRIC-NONMETRIC)